Milling Process

Milling is the process of removing material from a workpiece using a rotating tool by advancing (or feeding) it in a direction at an angle to the tool axis. It covers a wide variety of different operations and machines, ranging from small single parts to large, heavy-duty milling and milling. It is one of the most commonly used processes for machining parts to precise sizes and shapes in industry and machine shops today.

Milling can be done with a variety of machine tools. The original category of milling machines is milling machines (often called milling machines). With the advent of computer numerical control (CNC), milling machines evolved into machining centers (milling machines with automatic tool changers, mill magazines or carousels, CNC controls, coolant systems, and housings), usually classified as vertical machining Centers (VMC) and Horizontal Machining Center (HMC). The integration of milling into turning and turning environments, starting with live tools for lathes, to the occasional use of milling machines for turning operations, has led to a new class of machine tools, multitasking machines (MTMs),

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Face milling process (tool axis of rotation vertical)
Milling is a cutting process that uses a milling cutter to remove material from the surface of a workpiece. Milling cutters are rotary cutting tools, usually with multiple cutting points. Contrary to drilling, in which the tool advances along its axis of rotation, in milling the tool generally moves perpendicular to its axis, making cuts on the circumference of the tool. As the milling cutter enters the workpiece, the cutting edge (blade or teeth) of the tool repeatedly cuts into and out of the material, scraping chips (chips) from the workpiece with each pass. The cutting action is shear deformation; the material is pushed from the workpiece in fine clumps that hang together more or less (depending on the material) to form chips.

The milling process removes material by making many individual small cuts. This can be done by using a cutter with many teeth, rotating the cutter at high speed, or passing the material slowly through the cutter. The most common is some combination of these three methods. The speeds and feeds used can vary to accommodate various combinations of variables. The speed at which the workpiece passes through the cutting machine is called the feedrate or just the feedrate. It is usually measured by the length of material per revolution of the tool.

There are two main types of milling processes:
In face milling, the cutting action mainly occurs at the end corners of the milling cutter. Face milling is used to cut a flat surface (face) into a workpiece, or to cut a cavity with a flat bottom.
In peripheral milling, the cutting action occurs primarily on the circumference of the tool, so the cross-section of the milled surface eventually accepts the shape of the tool. In this case, the blade of the tool can be seen as digging material from the workpiece. Peripheral milling is ideal for cutting deep grooves, threads, and gear teeth.